Library

1 Esdras

Known as " Greek Ezra" — a reworked narrative of the restoration period, from Josiah's Passover to Ezra's reading of the Law. It preserves a unique story of the three court guards and the supremacy of truth.|||Greek text in Codex Vaticanus and Codex Alexandrinus. Translated into Latin (Vulgate appendix), Syriac, Ethiopic, and Armenian.|||Composed in the 2nd or 1st century BCE, likely in Egypt or Palestine.|||Canonical in the Eastern Orthodox Church (anagignoskomena). Not canonical in Roman Catholic, Protestant, or Jewish traditions. Appears in the Vulgate appendix as 3 Esdras.|||Witnesses to an alternative textual tradition of Ezra–Nehemiah. Contains the court-contest story of the three guards, glorifying Zerubbabel and the Davidic line.|||Myers, J. M. I and II Esdras. Anchor Bible. Doubleday, 1974.|||Talshir, Z. I Esdras: From Origin to Translation. SBL, 1999.|||Charlesworth, J. H., ed. The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, vol. 1. Doubleday, 1983.|||1 Esdras — Early Jewish Writings|https://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/1esdras.html|Full translation and scholarly resources.;; 1 Esdras — Wikipedia|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Esdras|Background and scholarly discussion.|||" Truth is the greatest of all things. All the earth calls upon truth, and heaven blesses it." — 1 Esdras 4:41

Collection: Old Testament Apocrypha Canon: varies

Canon Status

Canonical in the Eastern Orthodox Church (anagignoskomena). Not canonical in Roman Catholic, Protestant, or Jewish traditions. Appears in the Vulgate appendix as 3 Esdras.

Date & Provenance

Composed in the 2nd or 1st century BCE, likely in Egypt or Palestine.

Language & Manuscripts

Greek text in Codex Vaticanus and Codex Alexandrinus. Translated into Latin (Vulgate appendix), Syriac, Ethiopic, and Armenian.

Why It Matters for Study

Witnesses to an alternative textual tradition of Ezra–Nehemiah. Contains the court-contest story of the three guards, glorifying Zerubbabel and the Davidic line.

" Truth is the greatest of all things. All the earth calls upon truth, and heaven blesses it." — 1 Esdras 4:41

Read the Text & External Resources

Public-domain translations and scholarly databases where the text can be read online or downloaded.

External links open in a new tab. Sources are chosen for public-domain or open-access availability; always verify edition and translation when citing in academic work.

Further Reading

Myers, J. M. I and II Esdras. Anchor Bible. Doubleday, 1974.
Talshir, Z. I Esdras: From Origin to Translation. SBL, 1999.
Charlesworth, J. H., ed. The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, vol. 1. Doubleday, 1983.