Canon Status
Deuterocanonical in Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Not canonical in Protestant or Jewish traditions.
Date & Provenance
Composed by anonymous Jewish authors, probably in Palestine, in the 2nd or 1st century BCE.
Language & Manuscripts
Survives in Greek in the Septuagint. Appears in Codex Vaticanus, Codex Alexandrinus, and Codex Sinaiticus. Two recensions differ considerably.
Why It Matters for Study
Fill the theological gaps in the Hebrew Esther — God, prayer, and covenant. Show how the Esther tradition developed in Greek-speaking Judaism.
" O God, who has dominion over all, hear the prayer of those who have no hope but in you." — Addition C (paraphrase)
Read the Text & External Resources
Public-domain translations and scholarly databases where the text can be read online or downloaded.
- Additions to Esther — Early Jewish Writings Full translation and scholarly resources.
- Additions to Esther — Wikipedia Background and scholarly discussion.
External links open in a new tab. Sources are chosen for public-domain or open-access availability; always verify edition and translation when citing in academic work.
Further Reading
Moore, C. A. Esther. Anchor Bible. Doubleday, 1971.
Clines, D. J. A. The Esther Scroll: The Story of the Story. JSOT Press, 1984.
Wills, L. M. The Jew in the Court of the Foreign King. Fortress Press, 1990.