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Additions to Esther

Six passages — 107 verses — found in the Greek Septuagint but absent from the Hebrew Book of Esther. They introduce God, prayer, and Jewish religious identity into a text that otherwise never mentions them.|||Survives in Greek in the Septuagint. Appears in Codex Vaticanus, Codex Alexandrinus, and Codex Sinaiticus. Two recensions differ considerably.|||Composed by anonymous Jewish authors, probably in Palestine, in the 2nd or 1st century BCE.|||Deuterocanonical in Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Not canonical in Protestant or Jewish traditions.|||Fill the theological gaps in the Hebrew Esther — God, prayer, and covenant. Show how the Esther tradition developed in Greek-speaking Judaism.|||Moore, C. A. Esther. Anchor Bible. Doubleday, 1971.|||Clines, D. J. A. The Esther Scroll: The Story of the Story. JSOT Press, 1984.|||Wills, L. M. The Jew in the Court of the Foreign King. Fortress Press, 1990.|||Additions to Esther — Early Jewish Writings|https://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/additionsesther.html|Full translation and scholarly resources.;; Additions to Esther — Wikipedia|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additions_to_Esther|Background and scholarly discussion.|||" O God, who has dominion over all, hear the prayer of those who have no hope but in you." — Addition C (paraphrase)

Collection: Old Testament Apocrypha Canon: varies

Canon Status

Deuterocanonical in Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Not canonical in Protestant or Jewish traditions.

Date & Provenance

Composed by anonymous Jewish authors, probably in Palestine, in the 2nd or 1st century BCE.

Language & Manuscripts

Survives in Greek in the Septuagint. Appears in Codex Vaticanus, Codex Alexandrinus, and Codex Sinaiticus. Two recensions differ considerably.

Why It Matters for Study

Fill the theological gaps in the Hebrew Esther — God, prayer, and covenant. Show how the Esther tradition developed in Greek-speaking Judaism.

" O God, who has dominion over all, hear the prayer of those who have no hope but in you." — Addition C (paraphrase)

Read the Text & External Resources

Public-domain translations and scholarly databases where the text can be read online or downloaded.

External links open in a new tab. Sources are chosen for public-domain or open-access availability; always verify edition and translation when citing in academic work.

Further Reading

Moore, C. A. Esther. Anchor Bible. Doubleday, 1971.
Clines, D. J. A. The Esther Scroll: The Story of the Story. JSOT Press, 1984.
Wills, L. M. The Jew in the Court of the Foreign King. Fortress Press, 1990.