Canon Status
Not canonical in any tradition. Regarded as Old Testament Pseudepigrapha.
Date & Provenance
Probably late 1st century CE; perhaps as early as 1st century BCE, perhaps as late as the 10th century CE. Original language likely Hebrew or Aramaic, translated into Greek, then Slavonic.
Language & Manuscripts
Survives only in Old Slavonic manuscripts. No manuscript earlier than the 14th century. Probably translated from a Greek translation. More than twenty Old Bulgarian manuscripts and fragments, dated from the 14th to 18th centuries AD.
Why It Matters for Study
Describes the ascent of Enoch through the seven heavens. Contains ethical teachings, cosmological revelations, and instructions for the righteous.
" And I saw the eight heavens, and the ninth heaven, and the tenth heaven." — 2 Enoch 20:3
Read the Text & External Resources
Public-domain translations and scholarly databases where the text can be read online or downloaded.
- 2 Enoch — Early Jewish Writings Full translation and scholarly resources.
- 2 Enoch — Wikipedia Background and scholarly discussion.
External links open in a new tab. Sources are chosen for public-domain or open-access availability; always verify edition and translation when citing in academic work.
Further Reading
Charlesworth, J. H., ed. The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, vol. 1. Doubleday, 1983.
MacAskill, G. The Slavonic Apocalypse of Enoch. Mohr Siebeck, 2013.
Andersen, F. I. "2 (Slavonic Apocalypse of) Enoch." In OTP 1:91–221.