Canon Status
Not canonical in any tradition. Part of the Pseudepigrapha.
Date & Provenance
Composed c. 2nd century BCE.
Language & Manuscripts
Part of 1 Enoch. Aramaic fragments at Qumran (4Q212).
Why It Matters for Study
Schematic outline of world history from creation to the final judgment. Provides a framework used in later Jewish and Christian apocalypticism.
" And after that in the seventh week an apostate generation shall arise." — Apocalypse of Weeks (1 Enoch 93:9)
Read the Text & External Resources
Public-domain translations and scholarly databases where the text can be read online or downloaded.
- Read within 1 Enoch Part of the Sacred Texts translation.
- Early Jewish Writings — 1 Enoch Full indexed text.
External links open in a new tab. Sources are chosen for public-domain or open-access availability; always verify edition and translation when citing in academic work.
Further Reading
Nickelsburg, G. W. E. 1 Enoch 1: A Commentary. Fortress Press, 2001.
VanderKam, J. C. Enoch and the Growth of an Apocalyptic Tradition. Catholic Biblical Association, 1984.
Charles, R. H. The Book of Enoch. Oxford, 1912.