Samuel Traditions

The Samuel Traditions from Qumran are manuscripts that preserve and expand the biblical books of Samuel, including 4QSamᵃ and 4QSamᵇ.|||4QSamᵃ (4Q51), 4QSamᵇ (4Q52), 4QSamᶜ (4Q53), and fragments from other caves. Written in Hebrew.|||Copied between the 3rd century BCE and the 1st century BCE.|||Not canonical in any tradition.|||Preserve the most ancient Hebrew text of Samuel, sometimes differing from the Masoretic text. Important for textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible and understanding the development of the biblical text.|||Cross, F. M. " The Oldest Manuscripts from Qumran." JBL 74 (1955): 147–172.|||Tov, E. The Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. Fortress Press, 2012.|||Ulrich, E. The Qumran Text of Samuel. Scholars Press, 1978.|||Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library|https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/|View 4QSam fragments.;; Wikipedia — 4QSamᵃ|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4QSam%CE%B1|Background and textual significance.|||" And the Lord said to Samuel: 'Behold, I am about to do a thing in Israel.'" — 4QSamᵃ (paraphrase)