Canon Status
Not canonical in any tradition. Widely read in the medieval Church.
Date & Provenance
Composed in Greek, with accreted sections of uncertain date. The work in its existing form dates to c. 4th–5th century CE.
Language & Manuscripts
Greek, Latin, Coptic, Syriac, and Armenian manuscripts. The work dates to the 4th or 5th century CE in its present form.
Why It Matters for Study
Presents the trial of Jesus before Pilate, the crucifixion, and the Harrowing of Hell. Important for understanding the development of the Passion narrative and the descent into hell.
" And Pilate said, Are you the King of the Jews? Jesus answered, Do you say this of yourself, or did others tell you about me?" — Acts of Pilate 3:1
Read the Text & External Resources
Public-domain translations and scholarly databases where the text can be read online or downloaded.
- Acts of Pilate — Early Christian Writings Full translation and scholarly resources.
- Gospel of Nicodemus — Sacred Texts Public-domain translation.
External links open in a new tab. Sources are chosen for public-domain or open-access availability; always verify edition and translation when citing in academic work.
Further Reading
Elliott, J. K. The Apocryphal New Testament. Oxford, 1993.
Izydorczyk, Z. The Medieval Gospel of Nicodemus. Medieval & Renaissance Texts, 1997.
Gounelle, R. Les Actes de Pilate. Cerf, 2012.