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Didache

The Didache (Teaching of the Twelve Apostles) is an early Christian manual of instruction covering ethics, baptism, the Eucharist, and church order.|||Codex Hierosolymitanus (1056 CE, complete Greek text). Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 1782 (4th c. fragment). Coptic, Ethiopic, and Latin versions.|||Composed c. 50–120 CE. Likely in Syria or Egypt.|||Not canonical in any tradition, though Clement of Alexandria quoted it as Scripture and Athanasius said it was " to be read by those who newly join us."|||The earliest extant Christian catechism. Contains the " Two Ways" teaching, instructions on baptism and the Eucharist, and the earliest known church order.|||Ehrman, B. D. The Apostolic Fathers, vol. 1. Harvard University Press, 2003.|||Holmes, M. W. The Apostolic Fathers: Greek Texts and English Translations. Baker Academic, 2007.|||Niederwimmer, K. The Didache: A Commentary. Fortress Press, 1998.|||Didache — Early Christian Writings|https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/didache-roberts.html|Full public-domain translation.;; Didache — Sacred Texts|https://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/ecf/001/0010001.htm|Full text from the Ante-Nicene Fathers.|||" There are two ways, one of life and one of death, and there is a great difference between the two ways." — Didache 1:1

Collection: Early Christian Writings Canon: varies

Canon Status

Not canonical in any tradition, though Clement of Alexandria quoted it as Scripture and Athanasius said it was " to be read by those who newly join us."

Date & Provenance

Composed c. 50–120 CE. Likely in Syria or Egypt.

Language & Manuscripts

Codex Hierosolymitanus (1056 CE, complete Greek text). Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 1782 (4th c. fragment). Coptic, Ethiopic, and Latin versions.

Why It Matters for Study

The earliest extant Christian catechism. Contains the " Two Ways" teaching, instructions on baptism and the Eucharist, and the earliest known church order.

" There are two ways, one of life and one of death, and there is a great difference between the two ways." — Didache 1:1

Read the Text & External Resources

Public-domain translations and scholarly databases where the text can be read online or downloaded.

External links open in a new tab. Sources are chosen for public-domain or open-access availability; always verify edition and translation when citing in academic work.

Further Reading

Ehrman, B. D. The Apostolic Fathers, vol. 1. Harvard University Press, 2003.
Holmes, M. W. The Apostolic Fathers: Greek Texts and English Translations. Baker Academic, 2007.
Niederwimmer, K. The Didache: A Commentary. Fortress Press, 1998.