I. What Is a Canon?
Scripture, canon, and lectionary use are not the same thing. A book can be read in worship for centuries without being canon.
II. How the New Testament Canon Formed
Apostolicity, orthodoxy, catholicity, and liturgical use drove the process. Marcion, the Muratorian Fragment, Eusebius, and Athanasius (367 CE) mark key milestones.
III. Canon Status by Tradition
The Mandaean and Manichaean texts are canonical only within their respective traditions. They are not recognized by Jews, Christians, or Muslims.
IV. Why These Texts Still Matter
Dualist thought, Gnosticism, the religious landscape of late antiquity, and the history of the Silk Road all depend on understanding these works.
V. How to Read Responsibly
Check date, provenance, language, and genre. Distinguish "not canonical" from "worthless." Avoid proof-texting.