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Quran

The Quran is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God (Allah) to the Prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel. It consists of 114 chapters (surahs).|||Arabic manuscripts, the oldest dating from the 7th–8th centuries CE. The Sanaa palimpsest is one of the oldest extant Quranic manuscripts.|||Revealed to Muhammad between 610 and 632 CE. The canonical text was standardized under Caliph Uthman (r. 644–656 CE).|||Canonical in Islam. The Quran is the supreme authority in Islam.|||The central religious text of Islam. The Quran is the foundation of Islamic law, theology, and spirituality.|||Neuwirth, A. The Qur'an and Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press, 2019.|||Shoemaker, S. J. Creating the Qur'an. University of California Press, 2022.|||Quran — Internet Archive|https://archive.org/details/quran|Full text and commentary.;; Quran — Wikipedia|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran|Background and scholarly discussion.|||" In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful." — Quran 1:1

Collection: Other Ancient Religious Texts Canon: varies

Canon Status

Canonical in Islam. The Quran is the supreme authority in Islam.

Date & Provenance

Revealed to Muhammad between 610 and 632 CE. The canonical text was standardized under Caliph Uthman (r. 644–656 CE).

Language & Manuscripts

Arabic manuscripts, the oldest dating from the 7th–8th centuries CE. The Sanaa palimpsest is one of the oldest extant Quranic manuscripts.

Why It Matters for Study

The central religious text of Islam. The Quran is the foundation of Islamic law, theology, and spirituality.

" In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful." — Quran 1:1

Read the Text & External Resources

Public-domain translations and scholarly databases where the text can be read online or downloaded.

  • " In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful." — Quran 1:1 " In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful." — Quran 1:1

External links open in a new tab. Sources are chosen for public-domain or open-access availability; always verify edition and translation when citing in academic work.

Further Reading

Neuwirth, A. The Qur'an and Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press, 2019.
Shoemaker, S. J. Creating the Qur'an. University of California Press, 2022.
Quran — Internet Archive|https://archive.org/details/quran|Full text and commentary.;; Quran — Wikipedia|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran|Background and scholarly discussion.